diff --git a/apix-admin/src/main/resources/templates/DashboardResource/sandbox.html b/apix-admin/src/main/resources/templates/DashboardResource/sandbox.html
index 04eac74..81af3fa 100644
--- a/apix-admin/src/main/resources/templates/DashboardResource/sandbox.html
+++ b/apix-admin/src/main/resources/templates/DashboardResource/sandbox.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ button.promote:hover { background: #2ea043; }
 }
 .agent-blink { fill: #3d8bfd; opacity:0; animation: blink-pulse 2.8s ease-in-out infinite; }
 
-#rate-wrap { background: #060d18; padding: 0 1.5rem 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid #21262d; }
+#rate-wrap { background: #060d18; padding: 0 1.5rem 0.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid #21262d; }
 .rate-header { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 0.75rem; padding: 0.6rem 0 0.4rem; }
 .rate-title { font-size: 0.65rem; color: #484f58; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }
 .rate-live { font-size: 0.75rem; color: #388bfd; }
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ button.promote:hover { background: #2ea043; }
 #rate-chart { display: block; width: 100%; overflow: visible; }
 .rate-area { fill: #1f6feb33; stroke: #388bfd; stroke-width: 1.5; }
 .rate-limit-line { stroke: #f85149; stroke-width: 0.8; stroke-dasharray: 4 3; opacity: 0.5; }
+.axis-label { font-size: 9px; fill: #484f58; font-family: 'SF Mono','Consolas','Fira Code',monospace; }
+.axis-line { stroke: #21262d; stroke-width: 0.5; }
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ button.promote:hover { background: #2ea043; }
     <span class="rate-live" id="rate-live-val">— req/min</span>
     <span class="rate-limit-label">limit: {dashboard.ratePerMinute}/min ──</span>
   </div>
-  <svg id="rate-chart" height="64"></svg>
+  <svg id="rate-chart" height="96"></svg>
 </div>
 
 <div id="map-wrap"><svg id="world-map"></svg></div>
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ button.promote:hover { background: #2ea043; }
 <script>var __D = {dataJson.raw};</script>
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3@7/dist/d3.min.js"></script>
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/topojson-client@3/dist/topojson-client.min.js"></script>
-<script src="/admin.js?v=3"></script>
+<script src="/admin.js?v=4"></script>
 <script>
 (function () {
   const INTERVAL = 5000;
@@ -159,32 +161,75 @@ button.promote:hover { background: #2ea043; }
 
   const buf = new Array(BUCKETS).fill(0);
   let lastTotal = null;
+  let tickCount = 0;
 
-  const el   = document.getElementById('rate-chart');
-  const W    = el.parentElement.clientWidth || 900;
-  const H    = 64;
+  const el  = document.getElementById('rate-chart');
+  const ML  = 36; // left margin for Y-axis labels
+  const MB  = 18; // bottom margin for X-axis labels
+  const W   = (el.parentElement.clientWidth || 900);
+  const H   = 96;
+  const CW  = W - ML; // chart width
+  const CH  = H - MB; // chart height
   el.setAttribute('viewBox', '0 0 ' + W + ' ' + H);
   el.style.width = '100%';
 
-  const xS = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, BUCKETS - 1]).range([0, W]);
-  const yS = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, Math.max(rateLimit * 1.1, 1)]).range([H, 0]);
+  // Y scale: 0–110% of rate limit, mapped to pixel height
+  const yS = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, rateLimit * 1.1]).range([CH, 0]);
+  // X scale: bucket index to pixel x (within chart area)
+  const xS = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, BUCKETS - 1]).range([ML, W]);
 
   const areaFn = d3.area()
     .x(function(_, i) { return xS(i); })
-    .y0(H)
+    .y0(CH)
     .y1(function(d) { return yS(d); })
     .curve(d3.curveCatmullRom.alpha(0.5));
 
-  const svg  = d3.select(el);
-  const path = svg.append('path').attr('class', 'rate-area');
+  const svg = d3.select(el);
 
-  // Red dashed limit line
+  // Y-axis grid lines + % labels (0%, 50%, 100%)
+  [0, 50, 100].forEach(function(pct) {
+    const rpm = rateLimit * pct / 100;
+    const y   = yS(rpm);
+    svg.append('line')
+      .attr('x1', ML).attr('x2', W)
+      .attr('y1', y).attr('y2', y)
+      .attr('class', 'axis-line');
+    svg.append('text')
+      .attr('x', ML - 4).attr('y', y + 3)
+      .attr('text-anchor', 'end')
+      .attr('class', 'axis-label')
+      .text(pct + '%');
+  });
+
+  // X-axis baseline
+  svg.append('line')
+    .attr('x1', ML).attr('x2', W)
+    .attr('y1', CH).attr('y2', CH)
+    .attr('class', 'axis-line');
+
+  // X-axis time labels: -6m, -3m, now
+  [
+    { bucket: 0,           label: '-6m' },
+    { bucket: BUCKETS / 2, label: '-3m' },
+    { bucket: BUCKETS - 1, label: 'now' }
+  ].forEach(function(t) {
+    svg.append('text')
+      .attr('x', xS(t.bucket))
+      .attr('y', H - 4)
+      .attr('text-anchor', t.bucket === 0 ? 'start' : t.bucket === BUCKETS - 1 ? 'end' : 'middle')
+      .attr('class', 'axis-label')
+      .text(t.label);
+  });
+
+  // Red dashed limit line (100%)
   const ly = yS(rateLimit);
   svg.append('line')
-    .attr('x1', 0).attr('x2', W)
+    .attr('x1', ML).attr('x2', W)
     .attr('y1', ly).attr('y2', ly)
     .attr('class', 'rate-limit-line');
 
+  const path = svg.append('path').attr('class', 'rate-area');
+
   function fmt(n) {
     return n >= 1e6 ? (n/1e6).toFixed(1)+'M' : n >= 1e3 ? (n/1e3).toFixed(1)+'k' : String(n);
   }
@@ -193,8 +238,9 @@ button.promote:hover { background: #2ea043; }
     buf.push(rpm);
     buf.shift();
     path.attr('d', areaFn(buf));
-    const txt = fmt(rpm) + ' req/min';
-    document.getElementById('rate-now').textContent     = fmt(rpm);
+    const pct  = rateLimit > 0 ? (rpm / rateLimit * 100).toFixed(1) : '0.0';
+    const txt  = fmt(rpm) + ' req/min (' + pct + '%)';
+    document.getElementById('rate-now').textContent      = fmt(rpm);
     document.getElementById('rate-live-val').textContent = txt;
   }
 
@@ -209,6 +255,7 @@ button.promote:hover { background: #2ea043; }
         render(Math.round(delta * (60000 / INTERVAL)));
       }
       lastTotal = total;
+      tickCount++;
     } catch (_) {}
   }
 
