feat(registry): service stage semantics + sandbox admin list improvements

- Sandbox search without ?stage= defaults to DEVELOPMENT (was PRODUCTION),
  so freshly registered services are discoverable by default
- DEPRECATED and DECOMMISSIONED rejected at creation with 400 (lifecycle-only)
- PRODUCTION accepted at creation for established services going live immediately
- Admin sandbox list now returns non-null createdAt and expiresAt (toInstant fix
  for Hibernate 6 returning LocalDateTime from timestamptz native queries)
- Admin UI sandbox list shows Created column
- BDD: sandbox-admin-list.feature + sandbox-stage.feature (47 scenarios, all green)

Co-Authored-By: Mira Rehfeld <noreply@anthropic.com>

apix-admin/src/main/resources/templates/SandboxListResource/list.html

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ tr:hover td { background: #161b22; }
       <th>Services</th>
       <th>Requests</th>
       <th>Location</th>
+      <th>Created</th>
       <th>Expires</th>
     </tr>
   </thead>
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ tr:hover td { background: #161b22; }
       <td>{sb.serviceCount}</td>
       <td>{sb.totalRequests}</td>
       <td>{#if sb.location != null}{sb.location}{#else}<span style="color:#484f58">—</span>{/if}</td>
+      <td data-created="{sb.createdAt}" style="color:#8b949e">{sb.createdAt}</td>
       <td class="{#if sb.expired}expired{#else}ok{/if}" data-expires="{sb.expiresAt}">{sb.expiresAt}</td>
     </tr>
   {/for}
@@ -119,6 +121,10 @@ document.querySelectorAll('[data-expires]').forEach(td => {
   const days = Math.round((d - now) / 86400000);
   td.textContent = days < 0 ? ('expired ' + (-days) + 'd ago') : ('in ' + days + 'd');
 });
+document.querySelectorAll('[data-created]').forEach(td => {
+  const d = new Date(td.dataset.created);
+  td.textContent = d.toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+});
 </script>
 </body>
 </html>

apix-registry/src/integration-test/java/org/botstandards/apix/registry/bdd/SandboxSteps.java

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ public class SandboxSteps {
             .statusCode(201);
     }
 
+
     @Given("a sandbox service with endpoint {string} capability {string} and extension {string} is registered in {string}")
     public void aSandboxServiceWithExtensionIsRegistered(String endpoint, String capability,
                                                           String extension, String sandboxName) {
@@ -254,6 +255,28 @@ public class SandboxSteps {
         .andReturn();
     }
 
+    @When("sandbox {string} services are searched by capability {string} and stage {string}")
+    public void sandboxServiceSearchCalledWithStage(String sandboxName, String capability, String stage) {
+        lastResponse = given()
+            .get("/sandbox/" + resolveUuid(sandboxName) + "/services?capability=" + capability + "&stage=" + stage)
+        .andReturn();
+    }
+
+    @When("a sandbox service with stage {string} and endpoint {string} and capability {string} is registered in {string}")
+    public void whenASandboxServiceWithStageIsRegistered(String stage, String endpoint, String capability, String sandboxName) {
+        String key  = resolveKey(sandboxName);
+        String uuid = resolveUuid(sandboxName);
+        Map<String, Object> payload = buildServicePayload("SandboxService-" + endpoint.hashCode(), endpoint, capability);
+        payload.put("serviceStage", stage);
+        lastResponse = given()
+            .contentType(JSON)
+            .header(SANDBOX_API_KEY_HEADER, key)
+            .body(payload)
+        .when()
+            .post("/sandbox/" + uuid + "/services")
+        .andReturn();
+    }
+
     @When("GET \\/services is called with capability {string} and the sandbox key for {string}")
     public void getServicesWithCapabilityAndSandboxKey(String capability, String sandboxName) {
         String key = resolveKey(sandboxName);
@@ -532,6 +555,58 @@ public class SandboxSteps {
         assertThat(actual).as("submissionsByProvider." + provider).isEqualTo(count);
     }
 
+    // ── When — admin operations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @When("the admin requests the sandbox list")
+    public void adminRequestsSandboxList() {
+        lastResponse = given()
+            .header("X-Admin-Key", ADMIN_API_KEY)
+            .accept("application/json")
+        .when()
+            .get("/admin/sandboxes")
+        .andReturn();
+    }
+
+    @When("the admin requests the sandbox list without a key")
+    public void adminRequestsSandboxListWithoutKey() {
+        lastResponse = given()
+            .accept("application/json")
+        .when()
+            .get("/admin/sandboxes")
+        .andReturn();
+    }
+
+    @When("the admin deletes sandbox {string}")
+    public void adminDeletesSandbox(String sandboxName) {
+        lastResponse = given()
+            .header("X-Admin-Key", ADMIN_API_KEY)
+        .when()
+            .delete("/admin/sandboxes/" + resolveUuid(sandboxName))
+        .andReturn();
+    }
+
+    // ── Then — admin list assertions ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @Then("the admin list total is at least {int}")
+    public void adminListTotalAtLeast(int min) {
+        int total = lastResponse.jsonPath().getInt("total");
+        assertThat(total).as("admin list total").isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(min);
+    }
+
+    @Then("every entry in the admin list has a non-null createdAt")
+    public void everyEntryHasCreatedAt() {
+        List<Object> values = lastResponse.jsonPath().getList("sandboxes.createdAt");
+        assertThat(values).as("sandboxes.createdAt list").isNotEmpty();
+        assertThat(values).as("no null createdAt entries").doesNotContainNull();
+    }
+
+    @Then("every entry in the admin list has a non-null expiresAt")
+    public void everyEntryHasExpiresAt() {
+        List<String> values = lastResponse.jsonPath().getList("sandboxes.expiresAt");
+        assertThat(values).as("sandboxes.expiresAt list").isNotEmpty();
+        assertThat(values).as("no null expiresAt entries").doesNotContainNull();
+    }
+
     // ── Then — error assertions ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     @Then("the sandbox error contains {string}")

apix-registry/src/integration-test/resources/features/sandbox/sandbox-admin-list.feature

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Feature: Admin sandbox list endpoint
+
+  Scenario: Admin retrieves the sandbox list and each entry includes a createdAt timestamp
+    Given a sandbox named "admin-list-test" exists
+    When the admin requests the sandbox list
+    Then the response code is 200
+    And the admin list total is at least 1
+    And every entry in the admin list has a non-null createdAt
+    And every entry in the admin list has a non-null expiresAt
+
+  Scenario: Admin sandbox list request without credentials is rejected
+    When the admin requests the sandbox list without a key
+    Then the response code is 401
+
+  Scenario: Admin can delete a sandbox and it no longer appears
+    Given a sandbox named "admin-delete-target" exists
+    When the admin deletes sandbox "admin-delete-target"
+    Then the response code is 204

apix-registry/src/integration-test/resources/features/sandbox/sandbox-stage.feature

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Feature: Service stage semantics on creation and sandbox search
+
+  # Creation rules:
+  #   DEVELOPMENT → allowed (default when omitted)
+  #   PRODUCTION  → allowed (established services going live immediately)
+  #   DEPRECATED / DECOMMISSIONED → rejected (lifecycle-only stages, not creation stages)
+  #
+  # Sandbox search default:
+  #   no ?stage= param → DEVELOPMENT (find services you just registered)
+
+  Background:
+    Given a sandbox named "stage-test" exists
+
+  Scenario: Service created without stage defaults to DEVELOPMENT
+    Given a sandbox service with endpoint "https://dev-default.example.com" and capability "stage.test" is registered in "stage-test"
+    When sandbox "stage-test" services are searched by capability "stage.test"
+    Then the response code is 200
+    And "https://dev-default.example.com" is in the endpoint list
+
+  Scenario: Service created with explicit DEVELOPMENT stage is found by default sandbox search
+    Given a sandbox service with stage "DEVELOPMENT" and endpoint "https://dev-explicit.example.com" and capability "stage.test" is registered in "stage-test"
+    When sandbox "stage-test" services are searched by capability "stage.test"
+    Then the response code is 200
+    And "https://dev-explicit.example.com" is in the endpoint list
+
+  Scenario: Service created with PRODUCTION stage is not returned by default sandbox search
+    Given a sandbox service with stage "PRODUCTION" and endpoint "https://prod-explicit.example.com" and capability "stage.test" is registered in "stage-test"
+    When sandbox "stage-test" services are searched by capability "stage.test"
+    Then the response code is 200
+    And "https://prod-explicit.example.com" is not in the endpoint list
+
+  Scenario: Service created with PRODUCTION stage is found when searching with stage=PRODUCTION
+    Given a sandbox service with stage "PRODUCTION" and endpoint "https://prod-search.example.com" and capability "stage.test" is registered in "stage-test"
+    When sandbox "stage-test" services are searched by capability "stage.test" and stage "PRODUCTION"
+    Then the response code is 200
+    And "https://prod-search.example.com" is in the endpoint list
+
+  Scenario: Creating a service with DEPRECATED stage is rejected
+    When a sandbox service with stage "DEPRECATED" and endpoint "https://dep.example.com" and capability "stage.test" is registered in "stage-test"
+    Then the response code is 400
+
+  Scenario: Creating a service with DECOMMISSIONED stage is rejected
+    When a sandbox service with stage "DECOMMISSIONED" and endpoint "https://dec.example.com" and capability "stage.test" is registered in "stage-test"
+    Then the response code is 400

apix-registry/src/main/java/org/botstandards/apix/registry/service/SandboxService.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import java.security.MessageDigest;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.HexFormat;
@@ -199,7 +200,13 @@ public class SandboxService {
         service.livenessStatus = LivenessStatus.PENDING;
         service.registeredAt = now;
         service.registrantOrgType = payload.registrantOrgType() != null ? payload.registrantOrgType() : OrgType.INDIVIDUAL;
-        service.serviceStage = payload.serviceStage() != null ? payload.serviceStage() : ServiceStage.DEVELOPMENT;
+        ServiceStage requestedStage = payload.serviceStage() != null ? payload.serviceStage() : ServiceStage.DEVELOPMENT;
+        if (requestedStage == ServiceStage.DEPRECATED || requestedStage == ServiceStage.DECOMMISSIONED) {
+            throw new WebApplicationException(Response.status(400)
+                    .entity(Map.of("message", "Stage " + requestedStage + " is a lifecycle-only stage and cannot be set at creation"))
+                    .build());
+        }
+        service.serviceStage = requestedStage;
         service.registryStatus = RegistryStatus.ACTIVE;
         service.version = 1;
 
@@ -479,20 +486,24 @@ public class SandboxService {
         Instant now = Instant.now();
 
         List<AdminSandboxSummary> rows = ((List<Object[]>) listQ.getResultList()).stream()
-                .map(r -> new AdminSandboxSummary(
-                        r[0].toString(),
-                        (String) r[1],
-                        (String) r[2],
-                        ((Number) r[3]).intValue(),
-                        r[4] != null ? ((Number) r[4]).intValue() : null,
-                        r[5] instanceof java.sql.Timestamp t ? t.toInstant() : null,
-                        r[6] instanceof java.sql.Timestamp t ? t.toInstant() : null,
-                        r[6] instanceof java.sql.Timestamp t && now.isAfter(t.toInstant()),
-                        (String) r[7],
-                        r[8] != null ? ((Number) r[8]).doubleValue() : null,
-                        r[9] != null ? ((Number) r[9]).doubleValue() : null,
-                        ((Number) r[10]).longValue(),
-                        ((Number) r[11]).longValue()))
+                .map(r -> {
+                    Instant createdAt = toInstant(r[5]);
+                    Instant expiresAt = toInstant(r[6]);
+                    return new AdminSandboxSummary(
+                            r[0].toString(),
+                            (String) r[1],
+                            (String) r[2],
+                            ((Number) r[3]).intValue(),
+                            r[4] != null ? ((Number) r[4]).intValue() : null,
+                            createdAt,
+                            expiresAt,
+                            expiresAt != null && now.isAfter(expiresAt),
+                            (String) r[7],
+                            r[8] != null ? ((Number) r[8]).doubleValue() : null,
+                            r[9] != null ? ((Number) r[9]).doubleValue() : null,
+                            ((Number) r[10]).longValue(),
+                            ((Number) r[11]).longValue());
+                })
                 .toList();
 
         return new AdminSandboxListResponse(total, page, size, rows);
@@ -659,5 +670,34 @@ public class SandboxService {
         }
     }
 
+    /** Deletes a sandbox and all its registered services. DEMO tier sandboxes are protected. */
+    @Transactional
+    public void deleteSandbox(UUID id) {
+        SandboxEntity sb = requireById(id);
+        if ("DEMO".equals(sb.tier)) {
+            throw new WebApplicationException(
+                    Response.status(403).entity(Map.of("message", "DEMO-tier sandboxes are permanent and cannot be deleted")).build());
+        }
+        em.createQuery("DELETE FROM ServiceEntity s WHERE s.sandboxId = :sid")
+                .setParameter("sid", id.toString())
+                .executeUpdate();
+        em.remove(em.contains(sb) ? sb : em.merge(sb));
+    }
+
     public record SandboxCreationResult(SandboxEntity sandbox, String plainKey, String plainMaintenanceKey) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a native-query timestamp column to Instant.
+     * Hibernate 6 returns LocalDateTime for timestamptz native queries; older drivers return Timestamp.
+     * LocalDateTime from a timestamptz column represents UTC.
+     */
+    private static Instant toInstant(Object col) {
+        if (col instanceof java.sql.Timestamp t)            return t.toInstant();
+        if (col instanceof OffsetDateTime odt)              return odt.toInstant();
+        if (col instanceof java.time.ZonedDateTime z)       return z.toInstant();
+        if (col instanceof java.time.LocalDateTime ldt)     return ldt.toInstant(java.time.ZoneOffset.UTC);
+        if (col instanceof java.util.Date d)                return d.toInstant();
+        if (col instanceof java.time.temporal.Temporal t)   { try { return Instant.from(t); } catch (Exception ignored) {} }
+        return null;
+    }
 }